What effect does a sparse neighborhood have on learning new vocabulary?

The correct response highlights that a sparse neighborhood can enhance the recognition and retention of vocabulary. A sparse neighborhood refers to a situation where there are few phonetic or orthographic neighbors for a given word, meaning there are not many similar-sounding or similarly spelled words that could create interference during the learning process. In such contexts, when a new word is learned, it stands out more prominently due to the absence of competing words, making it easier for learners to recognize and retain that word.

This effect is particularly beneficial because with less competition from similar words, learners can focus on the unique aspects of the new vocabulary. The clarity afforded by a sparse neighborhood allows individuals to form stronger connections to the word's meanings and usages, ultimately facilitating better learning outcomes. In short, when words are distinct and not crowded by numerous similar alternatives, the retention and recognition processes are enhanced.